Spectrum of congenital heart disease in children admitted for cardiac surgery at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Shahzada Bakhtyar Zahid,Humaira Achakzai,Anwar Zeb Jan,Samreen Ahmed,Anwer Zeb Jan

doi:10.12669/pjms.291.2910

Shahzada Bakhtyar Zahid, Humaira Achakzai + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.291.2910

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Abstract

Objective: To assess age, gender distribution and relative frequency of congenital heart disease (CHD) in children who underwent palliative or corrective cardiac surgery at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in Department of Cardiac Surgery at Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar from May 2008 till May 2010. One hundred and twenty three patients up to age group of 16 years with confirmed diagnosis of congenital heart disease admitted for Cardiac Surgery at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar were included. Results: Out of 123 patients, there were 71 males (57.7%) and 52 females (42.2%), with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Sixty five (52.8%) of the total cases had acyanotic heart defects. Cyanotic heart defects were seen in 58 patients (47.1%). Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) followed by Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) and Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), were the commonest acyanotic heart lesions, 33.8%, 23.0% and 16.9% respectively. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) was the commonest cyanotic lesion. Conclusion : Majority of patients with congenital heart disease had acyanotic CHD with the commonest lesion being VSD. Tetralogy Of Fallot (TOF) was the commonest cyanotic lesion. Most of the patients were less than five years with no significant difference in sex distribution. Availability of expertise locally will lead to more patients getting surgical treatment at an earlier age thereby reducing morbidity and mortality and improving quality of life for these children.

Highlights

Congenital heart disease by definition is the structural or functional heart disease, present at birth, even if it is detected later on.[1]
Cyanotic heart defects were seen in 58 patients (47.1%).Ventricular septal defect (VSD) followed by Patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect (ASD), were the commonest acyanotic heart lesions, 33.8%, 23.0% and 16.9% respectively
Complex heart defects and mixed cardiac lesions like Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) with Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOT obstruction) and VSD with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) were more common in females

Summary

Introduction

Congenital heart disease by definition is the structural or functional heart disease, present at birth, even if it is detected later on.[1]. Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital problem effecting nearly 25% of all children with congenital malformation[3] with an incidence of almost 8/1000 live births.[4] Early diagnosis and prompt treatment has great implication on prognosis and can result in significant decrease in morbidity and mortality. The relatively high birth rate in India, an average of 150,000 children are born with congenital abnormalities with 50,000 requiring surgery in the first year of life and only one thousand cardiac surgeries are done in the early infancy.[5] The relevant high mortality rate due to CHD is due to the fact that many of the babies who could be saved by surgery do not have the chance due to high cost and inadequate facilities; the situation is the same in other South Asian countries including Pakistan

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