Abstract
Experimental results from far-infrared photoconductive spectroscopy of positively charged multiple acceptors in germanium, i.e. those with three or four bound holes, will be explained in terms of a theoretical model. The fundamental concept is that of the pseudo-atom, making use of pseudo-electrons with spin quantum number s= 3 2 . This allows up to four-fold occupation of the (1s)-like ground state spatial envelope function. Optical pumping and stress experiments for the case of Ge:Be demonstrate the qualitative features of the model. Satisfactory agreement is obtained for the energy levels of the positively charged double acceptors using an effective Rydberg approach. A new physical system which does not exist in isolated atoms has been studied for the first time, for which the binding of a third (or fourth) particle for Z=2 (or 3) becomes possible.
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