Abstract
Translational-rotational nonequilibrium of low-density hydrogen plasma flow was investigated using emission spectroscopy. The translational temperature can be determined by Balmer H β line profile fitting, taking into account instrumental broadening, Doppler broadening, and spin-orbit coupling, when natural, Stark, and Zeeman broadenings are less dominant. The rotational temperature can be determined by the line intensity fitting of the Fulcher-α band. This emission spectroscopic method was experimentally applied to our low-density inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel. Spectroscopic measurements of the flow behind the shock wave over a blunt body were conducted. The Knudsen number was on the order of 0.1, and the translational-rotational relaxation time was larger than the flow characteristic time. The nonequilibrium between the translational and rotational modes was successfully observed using our spectroscopic method. The experimental results qualitatively agreed with numerical simulation results.
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