Abstract
A comprehensive study has been undertaken into Sabil-Kuttab Umm 'Abbas ceiling (1867AD/1284 H) in Cairo, Egypt. The study included both organic and inorganic constituentscomprising; the pigments, the paint media, the gold layer and the white ground layer. Theanalytical instruments chosen for the study were Raman microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) and optical microscopy.The pigments identified were ultramarine blue Na6[Al6Si6O24]Sn, indigo (C16H10N2O2),vermilion (a-HgS), red ochre (Fe2O3+clay+silica), barium white (BaSO4), lead white [2PbCO3.Pb(OH)2] and cobalt yellow (K3[Co(NO2)6]). The chromate mineral, hemihedrite(ZnPb10(CrO4)6(SiO4)2F2), was detected for the first time as an artistic pigment in this study.The paint media revealed were animal glue admixed with linseed oil and mastic resin. Thedetection of mastic resin as a paint medium in Egyptian paintings is of interest. The whiteground layer was found to consist of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O) and calcite(CaCO3) admixed with animal glue.
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