Abstract

Abstract It has been established that the incorporation of a large variety of nanofillers in conventional polymers can lead to a significant improvement in their physicochemical and morphological properties. Among various nanofillers for composite systems, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are ideal nanofillers which dramatically enhance the flame retardancy, gas barrier properties, and thermal stability, in different types of base polymer. In order to characterize the polymer/LDH nanocomposites (NCs), different types of equipment and techniques, such as scattering methods, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, calorimetry, chromatography, density measurements, and rheology were employed. This chapter provides prevalent spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), fluorescence spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the characterization of LDHs, modified LDHs, and polymer/LDH NCs. Therefore, first, a summary of the basic structures and surface modification of LDH nanofillers is presented, and finally, several of the spectroscopic techniques for investigation of modified LDHs and prepared NCs are described.

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