Spectrophotometric methods based on charge transfer complexation reaction for the determination of some antifungal drugs in pure and dosage forms

A A Gouda,S H Ibrahim,A S Amin,R El Sheikh

doi:10.4314/bcse.v30i3.2

Abstract

Charge transfer complexes of some antifungal drugs fluconazole (FLU), sertaconazole nitrate (SER) and miconazole nitrate (MCO) as electron donor with the σ-acceptor iodine (I2) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ), p-chloranilic acid (p-CLA) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as π-acceptors in acetonitrile were investigated. The formation of the colored charge-transfer complexes were utilized in the development of simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the analysis of the cited drugs in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations at 365 nm for MCO and SER using I2 method, at 460 nm for FLU and SER using DDQ method, at 535 and 530 nm for FLU and SER, respectively, using p-CLA method and at 842 nm for MCO and SER using TCNQ method. The optimum experimental conditions have been studied carefully and optimized. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 2.0–28, 10–240 and 2.0–160 µg mL−1 for MCO, FLU and SER, respectively, with good correlation coefficients (0.9996–0.9999). Molar absorpitivity, Sandell sensitivity, relative standard deviation, limit of detection and quantification were calculated. The obtained data refer to high accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The obtained results were confirmed by inter and intra-day accuracy and precision with percent recovery of 99.1–100%, 99.3–101% and 99.1–101% for MCO, FLU and SER, respectively. These data were compared with those obtained using official methods for the determination of the cited drugs. The proposed methods were applied successfully for simultaneous determination of the cited drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision and without interferences from common additives. KEY WORDS: Fluconazole, Sertaconazole nitrate, Miconazole nitrate, Charge transfer complexes, Spectrophotometry, Pharmaceutical formulations Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2016, 30(3), 333-346.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v30i3.2

Highlights

Azoles have a common mode of action; they inhibit ergosterol synthesis, the main sterol constituent of fungal membranes, through blocking cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme: lanosterol 14-α-demethylase
The color of iodine in 1,2-dichloroethane is violet showing absorption maximum at 520 nm. This color was immediately changed into lemon yellow, and the absorption spectrum of drug-I2 reaction product showed absorption peaks at 292 and
The proposed spectrophotometric methods have the advantages that the measurements in all of these methods are performed in the visible region, away from the UV-absorbing interfering substances that might be co-extracted from drug containing dosage forms

Summary

Introduction

Azoles have a common mode of action; they inhibit ergosterol synthesis, the main sterol constituent of fungal membranes, through blocking cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme: lanosterol 14-α-demethylase. The literature survey revealed that a few analytical methods have been reported for the determination of the studied drugs in pure drug, pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples using liquid chromatography either in single or in combined forms [3,4,5], electrochemical methods [6, 7], spectroflourimetric methods [3, 8] and spectrophotometric methods [9,10,11,12,13,14]

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