Abstract
Microscopic examination is one of the most common methods for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnosis. Most traditional methods of automized blood cell identification are based on RGB color or gray images captured by light microscopes. This paper presents an identification method combining both spectral and spatial features to identify lymphoblasts from lymphocytes in hyperspectral images. Normalization and encoding method is applied for spectral feature extraction and the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithm is presented for spatial feature determination. A marker-based learning vector quantization (MLVQ) neural network is proposed to perform identification with the integrated features. Experimental results show that this algorithm yields identification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 92.9%, 93.3%, and 92.5%, respectively. Hyperspectral microscopic blood imaging combined with neural network identification technique has the potential to provide a feasible tool for ALL pre-diagnosis.
Highlights
According to the report from American Cancer Society, more than 54,000 individuals are diagnosed with and nearly 24,000 are killed by leukemia per year in the US [1]
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow and lymphoma, usually due to uncontrolled growth of hematopoietic cells with genetic mutations [2, 3]; a large number of immature leucocytes produced by neoplastic proliferations are spread into the bloodstream
Existing automatic identification methods based on blood images captured by traditional light microscopes typically take spatial features as inputs, but inhomogeneous staining and non-uniform sample thickness tend to yield poor identification results
Summary
According to the report from American Cancer Society, more than 54,000 individuals are diagnosed with and nearly 24,000 are killed by leukemia per year in the US [1]. Leukemia is one of the five leading types of cancer in children, young adults, and people over the age of 80. Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow and lymphoma, usually due to uncontrolled growth of hematopoietic cells with genetic mutations [2, 3]; a large number of immature leucocytes produced by neoplastic proliferations are spread into the bloodstream. Acute leukemia, which is more serious, presents with over 20% of blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow [3, 4]. Survival in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia has improved to nearly 90% in trials derived from lymphocyte biological feature detection and pharmacodynamics treatment, as well as improved supportive care [8]. Diagnosis of ALL is of vital importance for timely treatment and recovery
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