Abstract
We study theoretically and experimentally spectrally flat and broadband double-pumped fiber-optical parametric amplifiers (2P-FOPAs). Closed formulas are derived for the gain ripple in 2P-FOPAs as a function of the pump wavelength separation and power, and the fiber non-linearity and fourth order dispersion coefficients. The impact of longitudinal random variations of the zero dispersion wavelength (lambda(0)) on the gain flatness is investigated. Our theoretical findings are substantiated with experiments using conventional dispersion shifted fibers and highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs). By using a HNLF having a low variation of lambda0 we demonstrate high gain and flat spectrum (25 +/- 1.5 dB) over 115 nm.
Highlights
High capacity dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) systems require broadband optical amplifiers with low ripple gain spectrum
We have studied numerically and experimentally broadband double-pumped fiber optical parametrical amplifiers (2P-fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA)) having flat spectral response
Expressions for the gain ripple as a function of the FOPA parameters were deduced for the most representative kinds of 2P-FOPA spectra, which classified by their number of extrema
Summary
High capacity dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) systems require broadband optical amplifiers with low ripple gain spectrum. One is the lack of highly nonlinear fibers with the desired dispersion coefficients (for example, the lowest β4 reported is ~3×10−5 [23], while the highest γ is 30 W−1/km [24]) Another factor is the fact that a real fiber exhibits random variations of the zero-dispersion wavelength along its length [16, 25,26,27]. Calculations reported in [26] predicted that the bandwidth of flat operation of 2P-FOPAs would be limited to less than 100 nm due to unavoidable fluctuations of λ0 Still another factor is the effect of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) [28,29,30,31], which tends to produce distortions in the gain spectrum when the PMD parameter of the fiber and the pump separation are large [29].
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