Abstract

Gain, spontaneous emission, and reflectance play important roles in setting the spectral output of homogeneously broadened lasers, such as semiconductor diode lasers. This paper provides a restricted-in-scope review of the steady-state spectral properties of semiconductor diode lasers. Analytic but transcendental solutions for a simplified set of equations for propagation of modes through a homogeneously broadened gain section are used to create a Fabry–Pérot model of a diode laser. This homogeneously broadened Fabry–Pérot model is used to explain the spectral output of diode lasers without the need for guiding-enhanced capture of spontaneous emission, population beating, or non-linear interactions. It is shown that the amount of spontaneous emission and resonant enhancement of the reflectance-gain (RG) product as embodied in the presented model explains the observed spectral output. The resonant enhancement is caused by intentional and unintentional internal scattering and external feedback.

Highlights

  • This work showed that the spectral output of a diode laser could be explained based on the reflectance-gain (RG) product and spontaneous emission as incorporated in a homogeneously broadened Fabry–Pérot model of a diode laser

  • These solutions are used in a Fabry–Pérot model of the output of a laser to understand the spectral output of homogeneously broadened lasers

  • Analytic solutions to a simplified set of coupled, non-linear rate equations that describe the amplification of light for steady-state propagation through a homogeneously broadened amplifier are given

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Summary

Introduction

This work showed that the spectral output of a diode laser could be explained based on the reflectance-gain (RG) product and spontaneous emission as incorporated in a homogeneously broadened Fabry–Pérot model of a diode laser. Analytic but transcendental solutions for the single-pass gain and for the amplified spontaneous emission are presented for the coupled non-linear rate equations. These solutions are used in a Fabry–Pérot model of the output of a laser to understand the spectral output of homogeneously broadened lasers. Göbel et al performed time and spectrally resolved measurements on an optically pumped Alx Ga1− x As/GaAs double quantum well laser and found results that could be explained by homogeneous gain saturation [4]. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the dependence of spectral output on the RG product and amplified spontaneous emission

Homogeneously Broadened Gain
A Simple Fabry–Pérot Laser Model
Spectral Output
Findings
Conclusions
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