Abstract
Abstract We examine the spectral function and the density of states in the hole- and electron-doped cuprates by using the t – t ′– t ″– J model. Numerically exact diagonalization method is employed for a 20-site square lattice under twisted boundary conditions. The density of states at 10% doping shows a pseudogap behavior in both hole and electron dopings. The pseudogap is enhanced by the presence of the second and third neighbor hoppings, t ′ and t ″, which are essential for the description of high- T c cuprates. The pseudogap persists even at 20% doping in both the hole- and electron-doped cases.
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