Abstract
Full-duplex (FD) systems have emerged as game-changers for the future of wireless communication thanks to their ability to increase spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). In this article, we study the effect of hardware impairments (HWIs) on Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) FD systems. We derived closed-form expressions for the lower bounds of the average UL and DL achievable rates. We formulate different power allocation optimization problems to maximize the average FD SE and EE, while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) and power budget constraints. Moreover, we consider the max-min objective functions to assure fairness between users. These problems are solved using different optimization techniques, including the Dinkelbach approach, transformation, and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. We also refine the SE algorithm and present a simpler solution. Finally, we assume that all fading channels follow Nakagami- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> distributions, where other scenarios can be considered special cases. Extensive simulations were performed to validate the presented analysis.
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