Spectral Decomposition and Sound Source Localization of Highly Disturbed Flow through a Severe Arterial Stenosis.

Fardin Khalili,Mark E Johnson,Peshala T Gamage,John Mitchel,Randal B Roberts,Amirtahà Taebi

doi:10.3390/bioengineering8030034

Abstract

For the early detection of atherosclerosis, it is imperative to explore the capabilities of new, effective noninvasive diagnosis techniques to significantly reduce the associated treatment costs and mortality rates. In this study, a multifaceted comprehensive approach involving advanced computational fluid dynamics combined with signal processing techniques was exploited to investigate the highly turbulent fluctuating flow through arterial stenosis. The focus was on localizing high-energy mechano-acoustic source potential to transmit to the epidermal surface. The flow analysis results showed the existence of turbulent pressure fluctuations inside the stenosis and in the post-stenotic region. After analyzing the turbulent kinetic energy and pressure fluctuations on the flow centerline and the vessel wall, the point of maximum excitation in the flow was observed around two diameters downstream of the stenosis within the fluctuating zone. It was also found that the concentration of pressure fluctuation closer to the wall was higher inside the stenosis compared to the post-stenotic region. Additionally, the visualization of the most energetic proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) mode and spectral decomposition of the flow indicated that the break frequencies ranged from 80 to 220 Hz and were correlated to the eddies generated within these regions.

Highlights

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are known as the leading global cause of death, and in the United States, they account for the death of one person every 36 s [1]
Based on a report published by the American Heart Association (AHA), the current CVD healthcare costs are expected to grow from $500 million per year to over $1.1 trillion by 2035, which includes the expenses related to healthcare services, medicine, and lost productivity due to disability
The spectra of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) mode (calculated using respective time evolution μ1 (t)) showed a dense spectrum without any clear peaks. These results suggested that high-energy sound sources are likely to be generated both inside the stenosis and post-stenotic region, highlighting the importance

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are known as the leading global cause of death, and in the United States, they account for the death of one person every 36 s [1] This means that about 17.3 million people die annually, which is expected to grow significantly over the decade [2]. A blood clot can form and block the flow, leading to the development of coronary artery disease, stroke, or peripheral artery occlusion disease, depending on the location of the atherosclerosis lesions. These diseases can cause death, paralysis, or permanent damage to vital organs [3]. Based on a report published by the American Heart Association (AHA), the current CVD healthcare costs are expected to grow from $500 million per year to over $1.1 trillion by 2035, which includes the expenses related to healthcare services, medicine, and lost productivity due to disability

Methods

Results

Conclusion