Spectral assessment of varieties and breeding lines of winter wheat during the restoration of spring vegetation

Abstract

The development of new and implementation of existing methods of field assessment of winter wheat genotypes is one of the key tasks of modern breeding. The use of modern screening methods in breeding allows the breeder to get a more objective assessment, as well as to increase the volume of the studied samples several times. The time of spring vegetation recovery (TSVR) is one of the key stages of the vegetation period of winter wheat. Biometric and spectral assessment of winter wheat with the onset of the TSVR allows establishing how plants of a certain genotype overwintered, as well as the state of their growth and development before the start of the second growing season. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of plant growth and development of modern varieties and promising breeding lines of winter wheat of The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat (MIP) from sowing to the restoration of spring vegetation. The hydrothermal conditions of the seedling-TSVR period had diverse effects on the reproductive process of the genotypes of winter wheat under study. According to the study results, abnormally dry conditions of the period from sowing to the end of the autumn growing season in 2019 adversely affected the condition of winter wheat plants that were in BBCH Phase 10-13, autumn tillering did not take place. Regardless of the genotype, plants were more developed during the first sowing period. According to biometric and spectral parameters, at the time of spring vegetation recovery, the following varieties turned out better than the Podolyanka standard variety (NDVI = 0.52): MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.58), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.56), Balada Myronivska (NDVI = 0.56) and lines Lutescens 37519 (NDVI = 0.55) and Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.58). During the second sowing period, the variety MIP Dniprнanka (NDVI = 0.45) and the selection lines Lutescens 37519 (NDVI = 0.44) and Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.43) were selected. The standard Podolyanka variety had an NDVI index value of 0.43. MIP Lada and Balada Myronivska varieties react more sensitively to the timing of sowing and need a longer period of autumn vegetation to accumulate more dry matter and better pass the winter rest period