Abstract
General risk management standard, e.g. ISO 31000:2009, approaches risk as a coin with a pair of two sides, i.e. the threat and the opportunity. However, it is hardly the case of flood events which mainly come as threats. Despite the contrary, this study explores the potential applicability of the available risk management standards specifically for flood. It then also synthesizes the components to result a framework for allocating resources among various strategies to result the optimum flood risk reduction. In order to review its applicability, the framework is then reviewed using several historic flood risk reduction cases. Its results are qualitatively discussed and summarized including the possible improvement of the framework for further applications.
Highlights
In the daily life terminology, “risk” is commonly perceived as something with harmful outcome or is related to more possibility of negative result, shortly, a situation of threat
More specific definition of “risk” used in different areas including flood risk management is the product of occurrence probability and its consequence of hazardous event or phenomenon [3, 4]
Having the fact that flood defense cannot be against all floods [13] or in other words recognizing the limits of structural flood defense [14,15,16], and witnessing that the extensive investment in flood control works does not decrease the flood occurrence nor damages [17], solution for flood risk reduction has moved from hard to soft engineering solution and nonstructural approaches [18]
Summary
In the daily life terminology, “risk” is commonly perceived as something with harmful outcome or is related to more possibility of negative result, shortly, a situation of threat. The basic understanding is that there is the probability of difference between the actual and expected returns [1] In this field, a risk management standard has been developed and at the international level, ISO 31000:2009 is the latest one, in which “risk” is defined as the “effect of uncertainty on objectives” [2]. More specific definition of “risk” used in different areas including flood risk management is the product of occurrence probability and its consequence of hazardous event or phenomenon [3, 4]. Perceived as more of a disturbance, problem, or even disaster at its higher scale due to the impacts of its interaction with humans This perspective tends to abandon the positive side of flood’s essential existence as “an integral part of the hydrologic cycle” [6], e.g. environmental and ecological balancing process, agricultural soil nourishment, water sources recharge, river flushing, as well as topographical formation through erosion and deposition. It is expected that innovative measures in the flood risk reduction can be identified so that resources will be optimally allocated among strategies
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