Specificity of DNA–Protein Interactions within Transcription Complexes of Escherichia coli

Abstract

Current requirement for description of each new promoter assumes identification of all DNA-protein and protein-protein contacts important for transcription complex formation. Experimental approaches allow estimating which one of seven alternative sigma-subunits is employed for RNA synthesis and verifying transcription dependence on known regulatory proteins. Promoter sequence by itself also contains this information. That is why, the type of promoter as well as potential regulatory proteins with high probability may be proposed, if the transcription start point has been determined. Transcription activity of the promoter is usually less predictive. It depends on the specific contacts formed by sigma-subunits with correspondent conservative elements and on many other non-specific factors that are hardly taken into account. Interaction with RNA polymerase alpha-subunits seems does not require any particular functional group of nucleotides thus exemplifying non-sequence-specific binding within binary polymerase-promoter complexes. The role of this interaction in the transcription complex formation is the main subject of this survey that summarizes our own experimental results and the data of other authors. Attempts have been made to compare nucleotide sequences of the promoters recognized by different sigma-factors within putative contact regions with alpha-subunits and to discuss regulatory propensity of free alpha-subunits.