Abstract
The composition of the functional ionome was studied in Brassica napus and Triticum aestivum with respect to the response of 20 elements under macronutrient deprivation. Analysis of relative root contents showed that some nutrients, such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Na, V, and Co, were largely sequestered in roots. After 10 days of deprivation of each one of these 6 macronutrients, plant growth was similar to control plants, and this was probably the result of remobilization from roots (Mg and Ca) or old leaves (N, P, K, S). Some tissue concentrations and net nutrient uptakes into roots were either decreased or increased, revealing multiple interactions (93 in wheat, 66 in oilseed rape) that were common to both species (48) or were species specific. While some interactions have been previously described (increased uptake of Na under K deficiency; or increased uptake of Mo and Se under S deficiency), a number of new interactions were found and some key mechanisms underlying their action have been proposed from analysis of Arabidopsis mutants. For example, nitrate uptake seemed to be functionally linked to Na(influx, while the uptake of vanadium was probably mediated by sulfate transporters whose expression was stimulated during S deprivation.
Highlights
Plants require “essential” mineral elements as defined by Arnon and Stout (1939) according three rules: (i) obligatory for life cycle completion; (ii) non replaceable by other elements;, and (iii) directly involved in plant metabolism
Plant growth and development depend on a balance between the essential mineral nutrients, which suggests the existence of numerous regulatory pathways for uptake, transport and storage in order to maintain plant requirements without excessive accumulation and the potential for toxicity (Williams and Salt, 2009; Andresen et al, 2018)
The mineral compositions of B. napus leaves grown under hydroponic conditions (Maillard et al, 2015) were compared to the leaf mineral compositions of plants grown under field conditions (derived from the data of Sarda et al (2013) and Maillard et al, 2016b, corresponding to 194 field plots randomly harvested in France)
Summary
Plants require “essential” mineral elements as defined by Arnon and Stout (1939) according three rules: (i) obligatory for life cycle completion; (ii) non replaceable by other elements;, and (iii) directly involved in plant metabolism. These nutrients are usually split into two categories: Ionome Plasticity Under Macronutrient Déprivation macronutrients [nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), phosphate (P), sulfate (S), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca)] and micronutrients [boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cupper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo)], which are required in large ( > 0.1% of dry weight) and low amounts (
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