Specific recognition of telomeric multimeric G-quadruplexes by a simple-structure quinoline derivative

Abstract

The development of highly sensitive fluorescence probes for telomeric multimeric G-quadruplexes has attracted extensive attention. However, few probes reported have exhibited selectivity for telomeric multimeric G-quadruplexes. Thus, it is challenging to design fluorescence probes with high specificity and selectivity for telomeric multimeric G-quadruplexes. This study employed a commercially available quinoline derivative BEPQ-1 as an effective switch-on sensor for telomeric multimeric G-quadruplexes. The fluorescence intensity enhanced more than 20 folds upon the addition of telomeric multimeric G-quadruplexes. This probe exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity for telomeric multimeric G-quadruplexes. And the detection limit of BEPQ-1 for the telomeric multimeric G-quadruplex TTA45 was calculated to be 0.11 μM. The distinctive feature of BEPQ-1 is the simple structure and small size. In the light of binding mode, BEPQ-1 could even simultaneously bind to the end two G-quartets of the two adjacent G-quadruplex units in telomeric multimeric G-quadruplex by π-π stacking. To our knowledge, this is the first simple-structure fluorescence probe for telomeric multimeric G-quadruplex. This finding might provide a strategy to design specific probes for telomeric multimeric G-quadruplexes and contribute to understand the structures and functions of G-quadruplexes in the telomere region.