Abstract
AbstractThis study examined the effects of dietary α-linolenic acid deficiency followed or not by supplementation with phospholipids rich in n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on the fatty acid composition of total phospholipids in 11 brain regions. Three weeks before mating, mice were fed a semisynthetic diet containing both linoleic and α-linolenic acid or deficient in α-linolenic acid. Pups were fed the same diet as their dams. At the age of 7 weeks, a part of the deficient group were supplemented with n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from either egg yolk or pig brain phospholipids for 2 months. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid levels varied among brain regions and were not significantly affected by the diet. In control mice, the level of 22:6 n–3 was significantly higher in the frontal cortex compared to all regions. α-Linolenic acid deficiency decreased the level of 22:6 n–3 and was compensated by an increase in 22:5 n–6 in all regions. However, the brain regions were affected differently. After the pituitary gland, the frontal cortex, and the striatum were the most markedly affected with 40% reduction of 22:6 n–3. Supplementation with egg yolk or cerebral phospholipids in deficient mice restored a normal fatty acid composition in brain regions except for the frontal cortex. There was a regional distribution of the fatty acids in the brain and the impact of deficiency in α-linolenic acid was region-specific. Dietary egg yolk or cerebral phospholipids are an effective source of n–3 PUFA for the recovery of altered fatty acid composition induced by a diet deficient in n–3 PUFA. —Carrié, I., M. Clément, D. de Javel, H. Francès, and J-M. Bourre. Specific phospholipid fatty acid composition of brain regions in mice: effects of n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and phospholipid supplementation. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 465–472.
Highlights
This study examined the effects of dietary ␣linolenic acid deficiency followed or not by supplementation with phospholipids rich in n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on the fatty acid composition of total phospholipids in 11 brain regions
The level of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was significantly higher in hippocampus (HC), occipital cortex (OC), and frontal cortex (FC) than the other structures, mainly pons medulla (PM) (P Ͻ 0.01)
This study examined the effects of a diet deficient in or supplemented with n – 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the fatty acid composition of different brain regions in adult mice
Summary
This study examined the effects of dietary ␣linolenic acid deficiency followed or not by supplementation with phospholipids rich in n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on the fatty acid composition of total phospholipids in 11 brain regions. Supplementation with egg yolk or cerebral phospholipids in deficient mice restored a normal fatty acid composition in brain regions except for the frontal cortex. Specific phospholipid fatty acid composition of brain regions in mice: effects of n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and phospholipid supplementation. Delion et al [9] have shown that a chronic dietary ␣-linolenic acid deficiency alters dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in rats These modifications were only observed in the frontal cortex which seems to be more sensitive to n–3 PUFA deficiency than the striatum. The requirement is 50 –60 mg of n–3 PUFA/ 100 g of diet from brain phospholipids to restore a normal brain fatty acid composition in ␣-linolenic acid-deficient developing rats. Much research has been performed to investigate the effect of supplementation with DHA and AA as they are important for normal visual and brain development [23, 24]
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