Abstract
A series of multiferroic materials with the compositional formula RMnO3 (where R=Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) were prepared by the well-known citrate gel technique. After characterizing the samples structurally, a systematic investigation of specific heat and magnetization studies were performed over the temperature range 4–300 K with different magnetic fields. Based on these studies, it was found that all the samples exhibit a transition in the temperature region 39–54 K and the transition is attributed to ordering of Mn3+ ions (TNMn3+). Further, the samples GdMnO3, TbMnO3 and DyMnO3 were found to exhibit another transition (Tlock) in the temperature range 20–29 K. Finally, yet another transition was exhibited by all the samples and it is attributed to the antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering of rare-earth ion moments (TNR3+). The entropy at the AF transition TNMn3+ was computed. Finally, using the specific heat data, the Debye temperature values were also calculated.
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