Specific features of nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat in No-till technology

Abstract

The results of the study of nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat plants cultivated by No-till technology in the zone of unstable moisture in the Stavropol Territory are presented. The studies were conducted in 2020-2022 in a stationary experiment using two technologies: direct seeding (no tillage) and conventional technology on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition. Nitrogen accumulation in plant organs at different stages of winter wheat development (by V.T. Kurkaev method) and nitrate reductase enzyme activity in leaves (by Mulder method modified by B.I. Tokarev) were studied. It has been established that the use of mineral fertilizers in the technology of direct seeding has a positive effect on such a physiological process as mineral nutrition of winter wheat plants significantly increasing the accumulation of nitrogen in them. The use of a cover-ground culture in the crop rotation by direct seeding technology contributed to an increase in the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants by 32.7% compared to the variant where only fertilizers were used, as well as by 29.1% compared to the variant with the same background mineral nutrition in conventional technology. High activity of nitrate reductase enzyme in leaves during the reproductive period indicates the presence of large amounts of nitrates in winter wheat plants. The enzyme activity in the leaves of plants grown according to the technology without soil treatment against the background of using fertilizers and cover-ground cultures was significantly higher than in the other variants at the beginning of the reproductive period (by 72-89%) and reached its maximum after 14 days (4.15 μM/g ‧ h).