Specific consumption of energy for heating and hot water supply to the residential zones in the city of Bratsk and the settlement of Ust'-Ilimsk

Abstract

2. The specific consumption of heat for the cities and settlements being constructed fluctuates within very wide limits even for dwellings of the same type, depending upon the predominant nature of the work carried out by the people, the degree of availability of consumer-service enterprises at the localities, the concentration of children in the population, and the climatic conditions. 3. Experience with supplying heat to the residential zones in the Bratsk power-industrial region indicates that for the specific climatic conditions of the Bratsk and Ust'-Ilimsk areas and the construction characteristics of the heated buildings, the room temperature, adopted as 18\dgC according to the norms, is insufficient. It is necessary to maintain the temperature at 21\2-22\dgC; this change will also lead to an increase in the specific consumption of heat. 4. Organization of the heat supply to the residential zones on the basis of individual electric heaters in each apartment reduces considerably the specific heat consumption, in comparison with central heat-supply systems. It is necessary to develop new types of reliable and comfortable individual heating units and water heaters for each apartment, to organize their mass production, and to install them at new dwellings being constructed. 5. The breaking up of the electric boilers into smaller units leads to a decrease in the specific installed capacity of the electric boilers and of the power transformers per m2 of heated area. These indices have their lowest values when individual electric heaters are used for each apartment. 6. It is necessary to plan careful investigations into the consumption of electricity for heating and hot water supply by the residential units, including a careful inspection of the state (heat losses, leaks, etc.) of the central and individual heating systems. In order to obtain a true picture of the heat consumption in the different residential units, it is necessary to install permanent calorimenters in typical buildings.