Abstract
Archaea, although being active members of microbial communities, have been poorly characterized in the rhizoplane of wetland plants. In this study, we compared the archaeal communities found on the root surface of Ruppia spp. and Phragmites australis. Four lagoons, two euhaline and two oligohaline, were sampled during two periods of the year. Archaeal communities were investigated by means of 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Archaeal sequences clustered in 171 distinct Operational Taxonomic Units affiliated to the Euryarchaeota (43 %), Crenarchaeota (36 %) and Thaumarchaeota (21 %). Communities found in the unvegetated sediment samples showed a high variability mainly due to changes in the pH and conductivity. Ruppia spp. roots exhibited a clear selection effect over Halobacteriales (>80 % of detected sequences) despite the geographical location and sampling time. In contrast, the archaeal community on the root surface of Phragmites australis was largely dependent on the sampling location and time. Methanogenic lineages were not found to be relevant in almost any of the analysed samples. Our findings suggest that archaeal communities in the root surface of the studied macrophytes are mainly composed (40 to 86 %) of putative heterotrophic archaea, such as Halobacteriales, Thermoplasmatales and the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group.
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