Abstract
BackgroundBoth Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium cause schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the diagnostic value of selected Schistosoma antigens for the development of a multiplex serological immunoassay for sero-epidemiological surveillance.Methodology/Principal FindingsDiagnostic ability of recombinant antigens from S. mansoni and S. haematobium was assessed by Luminex multiplex immunoassay using plasma from school children in two areas of Kenya, endemic for different species of schistosomiasis. S. mansoni serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) and Sm-RP26 showed significantly higher reactivity to patient plasma as compared to the control group. Sm-Filamin, Sm-GAPDH, Sm-GST, Sm-LAP1, Sm-LAP2, Sm-Sm31, Sm-Sm32 and Sm-Tropomyosin did not show difference in reactivity between S. mansoni infected and uninfected pupils. Sm-RP26 was cross-reactive to plasma from S. haematobium patients, whereas Sm-SERPIN was species-specific. Sh-SEPRIN was partially cross-reactive to S. mansoni infected patients. ROC analysis for Sm-RP26, Sm-SERPIN and Sh-SERPIN showed AUC values of 0.833, 0.888 and 0.947, respectively. Using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis, we also found significant positive correlation between the number of excreted eggs and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) from the multiplex immunoassays for Sm-SERPIN (ρ = 0.430, p-value = 0.003) and Sh-SERPIN (ρ = 0.433, p-value = 0.006).Conclusions/SignificanceSm-SERPIN is a promising species-specific diagnostic antigen. Sh-SEPRIN was partially cross-reactive to S. mansoni infected patients. SERPINs showed correlation with the number of excreted eggs. These indicate prospects for inclusion of SERPINs in the multiplex serological immunoassay system.
Highlights
More than 240 million people are still infected with schistosomiasis [1]
Sm-RP26 was cross-reactive to plasma from S. haematobium patients, whereas Sm-serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) was species-specific
More attention is shifting towards elimination of some of the neglected tropical diseases, including schistosomiasis
Summary
More than 240 million people are still infected with schistosomiasis [1]. Over 90% of the infected people are resident in resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa [2]. Kato-Katz stool examination is still the gold standard for the diagnosis This method is considered relatively less sensitive than the immunological detection of circulating cathodic antigens (CCA) or circulating anodic antigens (CAA), for which specificity is still a challenge [6, 7]. To compare diagnostic ability with similar quality of Sm-SERPIN and Sh-SERPIN, we introduced a point mutation at nucleotide 444 of the cDNA sequence (G444A), resulting in codon change from the prokaryotic start codon GUG to GUA. This is a silent mutation encoding for Valine. The Sm-SERPIN G444A variant was used in the subsequent experiments Both Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium cause schistosomiasis in subSaharan Africa. We assessed the diagnostic value of selected Schistosoma antigens for the development of a multiplex serological immunoassay for sero-epidemiological surveillance
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