Species-specific growth-climate responses of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) in the Greater Khingan Range, northeast China

Abstract

Responses of tree growth to climate are usually spatially heterogeneous. Besides regionally varying external environments, species specificity is a crucial factor in determining said spatial heterogeneity. A better understanding of this species specificity would improve our estimations of the warming effects on forests. In this study, we selected two widely-distributed boreal conifers, Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica), to compare their growth-climate responses, including long-term growth-climate correlations and short-term growth resilience to drought. We sampled 160 trees and 481 tree-ring cores from the two species in two pure and two mixed forests, located in the Greater Khingan Range, northeast China. We found that Dahurian larch was generally positively correlated with spring temperature and negatively correlated with summer temperature. In contrast, Mongolian pine was more sensitive to summer moisture. Our results suggest that the main climatic limitations were low spring temperatures for Dahurian larch and summer moisture deficits for Mongolian pine. Dahurian larch represented higher growth resistance to drought, while Mongolia pine represented higher recovery. Based on this, we inferred that Dahurian larch was more vulnerable to extreme droughts, while Mongolian pine was more vulnerable to frequent droughts. We also demonstrated the effects of forest type on growth-climate responses. The negative effects of summer temperatures on Mongolian pine seemed to be more significant in mixed forests. As warming continued, Mongolian pine in this area would suffer severer moisture deficits, especially when coexisting with Dahurian larch. Our results suggest that Dahurian larch gained an advantage in the competition with Mongolian pine during high moisture stress. Driven by the warming trends, the species specificity in growth response would ultimately promote the separation of the two species in distribution. This study will help improve our estimations of the warming effects on forests and develop more species-targeted forest management practices.