Abstract

Abstract Species‐being ( Gattungswesen ), a controversial Feuerbachian‐inspired term refashioned in Marx's critique of Hegel's idealist philosophy, is central to Marx's conception of alienation and true communism. Following Feuerbach, Marx began with real, active humans, but, “inverting” Hegel's idealism, produced a dramatically different conception of species‐being. For Marx, humankind was a materially active, social being, compelled to produce (labor) in order to exist. Production (labor) – the ontological basis to praxis – changes and develops humankind's knowledge, conditions of being, and social arrangements. Under conditions of private property, the true social character of humankind's creative laboring activity is torn asunder by social – that is, class – division. Only by overturning private property can humankind's sociomaterial potential fully flourish in freedom.

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