Abstract
Pineapple farms make up 45,000 ha of Costa Rican landscape and are the second most exported crop. This is economically beneficial for the Costa Ricans, but greatly affects the natural flora and fauna because it is such a low growing crop. This study examined the differences in insectivorous bat species diversity and activity in the habitat gradient between the forest in Tirimbina Biological Reserve in La Virgen de Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica and the nearby pineapple farm called Finca Corsicana. Over a four week period in March and April 2013, ultrasonic recorders were placed at different sites to pick up the bats' calls. Then the recordings were analyzed to identify the species. There were four families present and 19 different species. There was a significant decrease in the number of bat passes (the number of times a bat passes the recorder) in the pineapple farm (x = 22.6), in comparison to the border (x = 39.9), and the forest (x = 44.2) (p = 0.0028). Agricultural environ- ments affected and lowered bat presence. Also, a greater mean number of bats recorded between 1900-1930 hrs compared to 1730-1800 hrs, coincided with the setting of the sun and beginning of bat activity. More research is need throughout the night and the year to establish clearer patterns of bat use and activity in different habitats.
Highlights
Conservation efforts are being made all over the world to help protect the environment from human destruction
This study focuses on how the gradation in diversity between a biological reserve, the border of the forest, and a pineapple farm affect bat species diversity and activity
Even though insectivorous bats make up the majority of bat species, there are fewer studies on insectivorous bats in comparison to other types because insectivorous bats usually fly higher than mist nets, which are typically used in bat studies
Summary
Conservation efforts are being made all over the world to help protect the environment from human destruction. Of the pineapples consumed in the US and Europe, 85% and 71% are from Costa Rica, respectively (Ingwersen, 2012). As of 2011, there were 45 000ha of land cultivated in pineapple in Costa Rica Because it is a low-growing plant it drastically changes the landscape and the habitat of many species. Even though insectivorous bats make up the majority of bat species, there are fewer studies on insectivorous bats in comparison to other types because insectivorous bats usually fly higher than mist nets, which are typically used in bat studies The solution to this problem is recording devices
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