Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of candidemia at a multispecialty center in North India

Abstract

Introduction: Fungi have emerged as major opportunistic pathogens. Candida species account for nearly 96% of all opportunistic mycoses and is an important cause of bloodstream infections. There has been a progressive shift from the predominance of Candida albicans to nonalbicans Candida species as the major cause of candidemia all over the world. Resistance to antifungal drugs is more in nonalbicans Candida species. Hence, speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing is the need of the hour. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a multispecialty center in North India from January 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015. The blood culture samples that were positive for Candida species were processed further. Species identification was done by standard microbiological techniques. Antifungal drug susceptibility was done by disk diffusion method (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M44-A2). Results: A total of 10893 samples were processed, 1440 (13.2%) blood cultures were positive. Candida species was isolated from 105 (7.3%) samples, of which 15 (14.3%) were C. albicans and 90 (85.7%) were nonalbicans Candida . Nonalbicans Candida included Candida tropicalis (50.5%), Candida glabrata (19.0%), Candida parapsilosis (14.3%) and one isolate each of Candida guillermondi and Candida krusei . Majority of the Candida spp. isolates were resistant to clotrimazole (55.5%) fluconazole (42%) and itraconazole (69%) and and ketoconazole (38%). All isolates were uniformly sensitive to amphotericin B. Conclusion: There is predominance of nonalbicans Candida species in hospital setting. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and a prompt and appropriate therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment.