Species differential stereoselective oxidation of a methylsulfide metabolite of MK-0767 [(+/-)-5-[(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-N-[[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]benzamide], a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor dual agonist.

Abstract

MK-0767 [(+/-)-5-[(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-N-[[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]benzamide], a thiazolidinedione (TZD)-containing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, is a rapidly interconverting racemate that possesses a chiral center at the five position of the TZD ring. M25 is a methyl sulfide metabolite generated from MK-0767 following CYP3A4-mediated TZD ring opening and subsequent methylation of the sulfide intermediate M22. M25, a major in vitro and in vivo metabolite, was further metabolized in liver microsomes to the methyl sulfoxide amide (M16) with two chiral centers and the methyl sulfone amide (M20) with one chiral center. Previous studies demonstrated that both CYP3A4 and flavin monooxygenase-3 (FMO3) catalyzed the formation of M16, whereas M20 was formed exclusively by CYP3A4. The relative contribution of CYP3A4 and FMO3 in the formation of M16 in human and preclinical species was evaluated by chiral analysis using supercritical fluid chromatography. No stereoselectivity was observed in incubations of M25 with human and rhesus liver and recombinant CYP3A4 microsomes, whereas a high degree of stereoselectivity (63 to >99% enantiomeric excess) was observed in rat and dog liver and human recombinant FMO3 microsomes. Also, polyclonal anti-rat CYP3A2 antibody and cytochrome P450 (P450) chemical inhibitors did not inhibit the oxidation of M25 in rat liver microsomes. Furthermore, M25 oxidation was more sensitive to heat inactivation at pH 8 and 8.7 in rat and dog liver microsomes than in human and monkey liver microsomes, consistent with the species difference in involvement of FMOs. Collectively, these results indicated that S-oxidation of M25 was catalyzed primarily by P450 enzymes in human and monkey liver microsomes and by FMO enzymes in rat and dog liver microsomes.