Abstract
The species status of Hyphydrus anatolicus Guignot, 1957 and H. sanctus Sharp, 1882, previously often confused with the widespread H. ovatus (Linnaeus, 1760), are tested with molecular and morphological characters. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) was sequenced for 32 specimens of all three species. Gene-trees were inferred with parsimony, time-free bayesian and strict clock bayesian analyses. The GMYC model was used to estimate species limits. All three species were reciprocally monophyletic with CO1 and highly supported. The GMYC species delimitation analysis unequivocally delimited the three species with no other than the three species solution included in the confidence interval. A likelihood ratio test rejected the one-species null model. Important morphological characters distinguishing the species are provided and illustrated. New distributional data are given for the following species: Hyphydrus anatolicus from Slovakia and Ukraine, and H. aubei Ganglbauer, 1891, and H. sanctus from Turkey.
Highlights
History of classificationThe genus Hyphydrus Illiger, 1802 represents a well-defined group of medium sized, globular shaped Dytiscidae
The species was later included in the revision of Biström (1982), who synonymized H. anatolicus with the older name H. sanctus Sharp, 1882, known previously only from the Levant region
H. sanctus and H. anatolicus are sister species according to this single-gene phylogeny both in the outgroup-rooted trees (Figs 1–2), and in the clock-rooted tree (Fig. 3)
Summary
History of classificationThe genus Hyphydrus Illiger, 1802 represents a well-defined group of medium sized, globular shaped Dytiscidae. Sanfilippo (1963) described the same species under the name H. carrarai Sanfilippo, 1963 from Italy. The synonymy of both species was established by Pederzani (1976). The species was later included in the revision of Biström (1982), who synonymized H. anatolicus with the older name H. sanctus Sharp, 1882, known previously only from the Levant region. Wewalka (1984) described the differences between H. anatolicus and H. sanctus, and a habitus photo of H. anatolicus was published by Hájek (2009), both mentioned species remain enigmatic, predominantly because of their similarity with H. ovatus, and because their distribution is not satisfactorily known
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