Speciation of selenium in plant water extracts by ion exchange chromatography-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract

Determination of selenium (Se) speciation in plants is important in studying the bioavailability and toxicity of Se in Se-contaminated soil/sediment. In this study, we used an anion exchange resin (Dowex 1-10X) to separate Se into non-amino acid organic Se, Se-amino acids, selenite (Se [IV]) and selenate (Se [VI]) in a plant ( Stanleya pinnata) extract. The hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) was used to determine concentrations of these Se compounds in plant extracts. Results showed that Se compounds can be quantitatively separated by the resin column. Recovery of five spiked standard Se compounds (trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe +), dimethylselenoxide (DMSeO), selenomethionine (Semet), Se [IV] and Se [VI]) in the plant extract ranged from 92.9 to 103%. Water extractable Se accounted for 60.4–72.6% of the total Se in the plant. Among the soluble Se compounds in the plant extract, Se-amino acids were 73–85.5%, Se [VI] ranged from 7.5 to 19.5% and non-amino acid organic Se was less than 7%. Se [IV] in most samples was below the detection limit (1 μg/g). This study showed that considerable amounts of the accumulated Se [VI] in the plant was metabolized to Se-amino acids during growth of the plant.