Abstract
The nature of species has been much discussed since the closing decades of the twentieth century. There is now increasing acceptance that the essence of a species is that it is an evolutionary lineage, a concept made operational by the so‐called phylogenetic species concept. In this light, there may be over twenty distinct species represented in the human fossil record; if, as has been proposed, we define a genus as a monophyletic group of species with a time depth of at least 5 million years, then all species in the human fossil record, with the exception of the very earliest, belong to a single genus, Homo .
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