Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as an elemental specific detector was used for the speciation analysis of arsenic compounds in urine and serum samples from Vietnam. Five arsenic species including arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and arsenobetaine (AsB) were studied. A gradient elution of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA), and methanol at pH 9.0 utilizing Hamilton PRP-X100 strong anion-exchange column allowed the chromatographic separation of five arsenic species. In this study, urine and serum samples were prepared by dilution in solvent and protein precipitation by trichloroacetic acid, respectively. The extraction efficiency was greater than 91% for urine matrix, and recoveries from spiked samples were in the range of 94–139% for the arsenic species in human serum. The method limit of detection (MDL) and limit of quantification (MQL), which were calculated by signal to noise ratio, were found to be 0.3–1.5 and 1.0–5.0 ng·mL−1, respectively. The concentration of arsenic species in 17 pairs of urine and serum samples from Vietnam was also quantified and evaluated. The major species of arsenic in the urine and serum samples were AsB and DMA.
Highlights
Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater and its potential health effects have been a critical issue and received considerable attention in many regions around the world. e toxicities of inorganic arsenic compounds have been reported in certain areas and have caused a large number of serious health issues [1, 2]
Speciation analysis provides a more detailed picture of exposures to different forms of arsenic, and it improves understanding of arsenic toxicity. e differences in the sensitivity to inorganic As-related diseases among individuals have been reported, indicating the possible association with individual variations in inorganic metabolism [3]. e methylation of inorganic As or dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) as endpoint related to As was reported [4]. erefore, determination of As species in human samples may lead to a further understanding of the mechanism of toxicity of As in humans
For the first time, we investigated a method for determination of five arsenic species including arsenobetaine (AsB), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), arsenite (AsIII), and arsenate (AsV) in urine and serum samples from Vietnam using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an anion-exchange column and ICP-MS, as a detector. e method was validated and applied to analyze five As species in 17 paired human urine and serum samples from Hanoi, Vietnam
Summary
Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater and its potential health effects have been a critical issue and received considerable attention in many regions around the world. e toxicities of inorganic arsenic compounds have been reported in certain areas and have caused a large number of serious health issues [1, 2]. E toxicities of inorganic arsenic compounds have been reported in certain areas and have caused a large number of serious health issues [1, 2]. In Vietnam, the issue of arsenic contamination in groundwater and exposure by human consuming arseniccontaminated water has become a matter of great concern and has been extensively investigated in recent years [5]. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry available about As species in paired human blood and urine samples from Vietnam has been reported.
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