Abstract
The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV2 has emerged as one of the biggest pandemics of our century, with outrageous health, social and economic consequences globally. Macrophages may lay in the center of COVID-19 pathogenesis and lethality and treatment of the macrophage-induced cytokine storm has emerged as essential. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) hold strong therapeutic potentials in the management of COVID-19 as they can regulate macrophage infiltration and cytokine production but also promote a pro-resolving macrophage phenotype. In this review, we discuss the homeostatic functions of SPMs acting directly on macrophages on various levels, towards the resolution of inflammation. Moreover, we address the molecular events that link the lipid mediators with COVID-19 severity and discuss the clinical potentials of SPMs in COVID-19 immunotherapeutics.
Highlights
The recent outbreak of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China [1] has evolved to one of the biggest global pandemics of the 21st century
Recent evidence suggests that severe clinical manifestations found in COVID-19 are associated with excessive infiltration of inflammatory monocytes in the lungs, in the expense of tissueresident alveolar macrophages [29] and the subsequent release of SPMS IN REGULATING THE CYTOKINE/ CHEMOKINE EXPRESSION OF MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES
The involvement of macrophages in COVID-19 and the therapeutic potential of Specialized Pro-resolving lipid Mediators (SPMs) in the disease is further highlighted in a recent study; short incubation (3h) of monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals with S1, S2 and N proteins from SARS-CoV-2 resulted in rapid release of chemokines such as IL-8 in cell-free supernatants [71]
Summary
The recent outbreak of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China [1] has evolved to one of the biggest global pandemics of the 21st century. Recent evidence suggests that severe clinical manifestations found in COVID-19 are associated with excessive infiltration of inflammatory monocytes in the lungs, in the expense of tissueresident alveolar macrophages [29] and the subsequent release of SPMS IN REGULATING THE CYTOKINE/ CHEMOKINE EXPRESSION OF MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES. The involvement of macrophages in COVID-19 and the therapeutic potential of SPMs in the disease is further highlighted in a recent study; short incubation (3h) of monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals with S1, S2 and N proteins from SARS-CoV-2 resulted in rapid release of chemokines such as IL-8 in cell-free supernatants [71]. SPMs may have a beneficial effect on different cell types against COVID-19, towards the removal of dead cells and blood clots, as well as the resolution of inflammation and thrombroinflammation
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