Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Unresolved inflammation plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases development. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs), derived from long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), enhances the host defense, by resolving the inflammation and tissue repair. In addition, SPMs also have anti-inflammatory properties. These physiological effects depend on the availability of LCPUFAs precursors and cellular metabolic balance. Most of the studies have focused on the impact of SPMs in adult cardiovascular health and diseases. In this review, we discuss LCPUFAs metabolism, SPMs, and their potential effect on cardiovascular health and diseases primarily focusing in neonates. A better understanding of the role of these SPMs in cardiovascular health and diseases in neonates could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular dysfunction.
Highlights
This review is aimed at discussing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) metabolism, bioactive lipid mediators derived from LCPUFAs, and their therapeutic potential to the health benefits in cardiovascular health and diseases, in the neonatal period, based on nutritional intervention health benefits of dietary LCPUFAs
LCPUFAs are a group of essential fatty acids that can classify into two main categories: omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), depending on the position of the first double bond from the methyl end group of the fatty acid
LCPUFA metabolism to oxylipins occurs through three different pathways that are mediated by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) as a result of transcellular biosynthesis and coordination between distinct cell types [55,56,57]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. It is widely accepted that chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 933 resolution of inflammation results in chronic inflammation that is associated with cancers, autoimmune diseases, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases resulting in organ dysfunction [6,7]. LCPUFAs serve as precursors for eicosanoid production (prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes), which are important regulators of thrombocyte aggregation, inflammatory response, leukocyte functions, vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, blood pressure, and bronchial constriction. This review is aimed at discussing LCPUFAs metabolism, bioactive lipid mediators derived from LCPUFAs, and their therapeutic potential to the health benefits in cardiovascular health and diseases, in the neonatal period, based on nutritional intervention health benefits of dietary LCPUFAs
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