Abstract
This study investigates dynamic modeling and orbit estimation of geosynchronous satellites using traditional and specialized orbit representations. Exact nonlinear variational equations for generally perturbed synchronous elements are developed via Poisson brackets. A hybrid element set is also introduced to avoid numerical sensitivities. Numerical propagation studies evaluate the precision and accuracy of inertial Cartesian, Keplerian, synchronous, and hybrid element dynamic models. The suitability of approximating the synchronous element equations of motion for small eccentricity and inclination values is assessed. Results show that the hybrid and exact synchronous models are consistent for large and small time steps and are of comparable accuracy to the inertial Cartesian model. The hybrid element model is further validated via an estimation analysis that processes multiple nights of experimental optical data of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite 8. The results show that the hybrid elements are suitable for geosynchronous dynamic modeling and estimation.
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