Special Newborn Care Plus Project in India: Preliminary Findings from Community-Based Follow-up of Newborns Discharged from Facilities

Abstract

An innovation of structured community based followup of SNCU discharged babies by ANM and ASHA was piloted under Norway India Partnership initiative. The current study describes the survival status and other outcomes among newborns discharged from SNCUs and followed at community level in first 42 days of life. It is a retrospective cohort study on newborns discharged from SNCUs from 13 districts across four states of India. Routine health systems data have been utilized to record key parameters like birth weight, sex, weights during follow-ups, any illnesses reported, status of feeding and survival status. These were compared between normal and low birth weight babies. Newborns discharged from special newborn care units (SNCUs) and followed up at community level at 24 hours, 7 days after first visit, and at 6 weeks of life. Follow up of 6319 newborns were conducted by the ANM (25.4%), ASHAs (4.7%) or both (69.8%); 97% of the babies were followed-up at all the visits. The median duration of follow- ups were 1 day post-discharge, 13th day and 45th days of life. Majority (97%) of them were breastfed, and were warm to touch at the time of the visit. More than 11% of the babies needed referral at every visit. Mortality rate in the cohort of babies discharged from SNCUs till 6 weeks of follow up was 1.5%. Among normal birth weight newborns, it was 0.4% while it was 2.02% among LBW babies. The proportion of girls among those who died increased from 20% in the first follow up to 38.1% at second follow up and 41% at 6 weeks. Babies with LBW were at higher risk of death as compared to babies with normal birth weight. Follow-up at critical timepoints can improve survival of small and sick newborns after discharge from SNCUs.