Abstract
The increased activity in the Arctic involves hazards such as a harsh environment, especially the ice cover and cold temperature, remoteness and lack of infrastructure, and lack of information about bathymetry, among others [...]
Highlights
The increased activity in the Arctic involves hazards such as a harsh environment, especially the ice cover and cold temperature, remoteness and lack of infrastructure, and lack of information about bathymetry, among others
Different operating scenarios are specified in terms of ice conditions, the volume of maritime traffic, number of icebreakers (IBs), and regulations such as the energy efficiency design index (EEDI)
Unless the number of IBs is increased, the EEDI regulations may result in a significant increase in both the number of instances of IB assistance and the cumulated IB waiting times
Summary
The increased activity in the Arctic involves hazards such as a harsh environment, especially the ice cover and cold temperature, remoteness and lack of infrastructure, and lack of information about bathymetry, among others. Ice cover is highly variable and dynamic, with increasing variation in the future as, due to the changing effects of the world climate, the ice conditions on all ice-covered areas are under dynamic change This effect on Arctic operations is a complicated problem to solve. The fairways are not marked very extensively, and the soundings taken for charting are relatively scarce These polar area hazards are compounded by the fact that the rate of recovery of nature is slow, meaning that environmental hazards are made more serious. The focus of this Special Issue is research related to the recommended practices of scenario-based risk management for polar shipping and risk-based guidelines considering holistically the impact of risks on ice-infested waters. These include: (a) definition of ice conditions, (b) ship–ice contact, (c) numerical models/idealizations, (d) definition of limit states for ice-strengthened structures, and (e) holistic risk–reward analysis for polar navigation
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