Abstract
Standalone (off-grid) renewable energy systems supply electricity in places where there is no access to a standard electrical grid [...]
Highlights
Standalone renewable energy systems supply electricity in places where there is no access to a standard electrical grid
When there is a unique source of energy the design and optimization of the system is relatively easy
The optimal design and operation of the hybrid off-grid systems is a difficult task, as there are many non-linear variables involved which imply that advanced optimization techniques must be used in some cases [5], for example heuristic techniques
Summary
Standalone (off-grid) renewable energy systems supply electricity in places where there is no access to a standard electrical grid. These systems may include photovoltaic generators, wind turbines, hydro turbines or any other renewable electrical generator. This kind of system includes electricity storage (commonly, lead-acid batteries, and other types of storage can be used, such as lithium batteries, other battery technologies, supercapacitors and hydrogen). Low-power standalone systems are usually called off-grid systems and typically power single households by diesel generators or by solar photovoltaic (PV) systems (solar home systems) [1]. The optimization of the sizing and/or the control is an important task in this kind of systems
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