Abstract
The doubling of the world’s agricultural production for the past four decades has been associated with a seven-fold increase in nitrogen (N) fertilization [1] which has caused major detrimental impacts onthediversityandfunctioningofthenon-agriculturalbacterial,animalandplantecosystems,notably through the process of freshwater and marine ecosystem eutrophication [2].[...]
Highlights
The doubling of the world’s agricultural production for the past four decades has been associated with a seven-fold increase in nitrogen (N) fertilization [1] which has caused major detrimental impacts on the diversity and functioning of the non-agricultural bacterial, animal and plant ecosystems, notably through the process of freshwater and marine ecosystem eutrophication [2]
It is crucial to improve our knowledge on the critical steps controlling N use efficiency (NUE), which can be defined as the yield per unit of available mineral nutrients in the soil
It will be necessary to increase agricultural production by 1.7-fold by 2050 to feed the growing world’s population, the detrimental impact of the overuse of N fertilizers on the environment can be minimized if it is accompanied by sustainable agricultural practices, such as the rationalization of fertilizer usage and the development of alternative agricultural practices
Summary
The doubling of the world’s agricultural production for the past four decades has been associated with a seven-fold increase in nitrogen (N) fertilization [1] which has caused major detrimental impacts on the diversity and functioning of the non-agricultural bacterial, animal and plant ecosystems, notably through the process of freshwater and marine ecosystem eutrophication [2]. It will be necessary to increase agricultural production by 1.7-fold by 2050 to feed the growing world’s population, the detrimental impact of the overuse of N fertilizers on the environment can be minimized if it is accompanied by sustainable agricultural practices, such as the rationalization of fertilizer usage and the development of alternative agricultural practices. Such alternative practices are often based on the use of plants (as a main crop or as cover crops) that are able to develop atmospheric N (N2) fixing and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiotic associations to significantly reduce N fertilizer usage [4]
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