Special IgD-λ type multiple myeloma based on bone marrow cell morphology: A case report

Abstract

Abstract We aimed to explore the changes of laboratory indexes of IgD- λ type multiple myeloma with special cell morphology, and to improve the cognition of IgD-λ type MM. To explore the changes of laboratory indexes of IgD-λ type 1 multiple myeloma with special cell morphology, and to improve the cognition of IgD-λ type MM. The morphology of bone marrow cells, immunofixation electrophoresis, serum free light chain (sFLC) and other detection indexes of a patient with IgD-λ type MM treated in Handan Central Hospital in December 2020 were analyzed. The patient bone marrow smears showed 62% of abnormal cells-which were distributed in clusters and resembled lymphoma and metastatic cancer cells. The Flowcytometry indicates that the cell is a plasma cell tumor.Immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM were all lower than the normal range.There is a monoclonal light chain λ component in immunofixation electrophoresis.The serum free light chain λ was 2700.00 mg/ L, light chain k/λ is 0.0023, the high of serum calcium, LDH, β2 microglobulin. IgD-λ type MM is a rare type of MM. The age of onset is young, the invasiveness is strong, the prognosis is poor, the clinical manifestation is complex, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed or missed. The analysis of the clinical symptoms and laboratory characteristics of the disease plays a positive role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease.