Special breast tumors: Clinical–epidemiological profile in a reference oncology reference oncology clinic in the capital of Piauí

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with special breast tumors, in the period from December 2006 to January 2023, in a reference oncology clinic in the city of Teresina, PI. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive, quantitative, and retrospective study carried out through data collection from medical records. A total of 982 medical records of female patients with breast cancer were analyzed. Variables such as age, personal and family history of cancer, presence of pathogenic variants in the panel tested, and pharmacological and surgical interventions were analyzed, tabulated, and analyzed descriptively in Microsoft Excel. The study included all the medical records of patients seen in this period, excluding those who did not have breast cancer or whose records did not provide sufficient information. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, advice number 30154720000005209. Results: Of the patients diagnosed with breast cancer, those with special breast tumors represented 1.42% of the total, with a mean age of 56 years. Four types of incident diagnoses were found: papillary carcinoma (35.7%), mucinous (28.6%), metaplastic (21.4%), and medullary (14.2%). Among the clinical characteristics, the most common stage was stage IIA (78.6%), followed by stage IIB (7.1%). Most patients had well-differentiated (50%) or moderately differentiated (21.4%) tumors with negative lymph node involvement. In two of the three cases diagnosed as metaplastic carcinoma, large tumors 9.2 and 15.5 cm in length were observed, with recurrence in both cases. All cases of mucinous carcinoma had the RE+/RP+ pattern. Conclusion: In this study, the cumulative incidence of special breast tumors in women diagnosed with breast cancer in the study population from December 2006 to January 2023 was 1.42%, and of this total, 35.7% were of the carcinoma type papillary carcinoma.