Abstract
Groundwater resource in this few decades has been challenging in India due to intense agricultural, industrial and mining activities which make groundwater quality exposed to contaminants. This review article deals with results of groundwater quality monitoring and assessment works conducted in India during the year 2000 to 2015. Previously published research articles of study region with the theme of groundwater quality have been discussed for concentrations of heavy metals, ions, water-soluble organics and inorganics along with its associated health impacts. Several methodologies were used for various chemical contaminants quantification and a wide range of statistical approaches was also applied for their source identification and/or apportionment. The major groundwater pollutants were F? , NO? , As, V, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Co, Mn, Ni, Zn, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) etc. monitored in India in higher concentration than standard permissible limits regulated by various international and national agencies like World Health Organization (WHO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), American Publi c Health Association (APHA) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Studies reported that millions of people are suffering from chronic heavy metal poisoning causing cancer, cardiovascular diseases, affecting central nervous system, brain, liver, kidney etc., while 1.6 million children expire every year from ailment for which polluted drinking water is a primary cause.
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