Abstract
Posidonia oceanica meadows, known to be valuable marine ecosystems, have been reported to be in decline as a result of human activities in recent decades. However, it is still controversial if this decline is a global phenomenon or it is caused by specific disturbances related to human development at a local scale. In order to evaluate changes in P. oceanica meadows, in this study, monitoring data obtained at 14 stations along the Mediterranean coast near Alicante, Spain, over a 20-year period were analyzed. Field data were obtained through the citizen science project POSIMED, which had the aim of carrying out annual monitoring of both shallow and deep P. oceanica meadows along the coast near Alicante and determining whether their ecological status was changing over time. The percentage cover of living P. oceanica and dead matte and shoot density data were used to assess the ecosystem status and to determine whether there had been an overall regional decline in seagrass over the 20-year period. Both cover and density data showed a significant positive trend at most locations. However, the amount of dead matte was noted to slightly increase with time while six shallow and one deep station showed a negative P. oceanica cover trend, indicating that in certain locations meadow regression might be taking place. Shoot density decreased with depth and increased with the amount of rock cover; its correlation with the dead matte percentage was unclear, which probably means that a range of different factors can result in the presence of dead plants. These results support the idea that local disturbances are the cause of seagrass decline in the Mediterranean, thus demonstrating the need for management plans that focus on local stressors of P. oceanica meadows at specific locations. Long-term, large-scale monitoring allows the ecosystem status in the western Mediterranean to be assessed; however, local disturbances can also affect specific locations.
Highlights
Seagrass meadows are identified as ecosystems that provide a wide range of both environmental and socioeconomic services in coastal areas around the world, such as primary production, supporting fisheries or sediment stabilization [1,2,3,4]
P. oceanica meadows contribute to coastal sedimentary dynamics as they reduce the energy of waves and protect the coastline from erosion, both as the living matte and banquettes formed by the natural accumulations of dead leaves in the shore [21,22]
P. oceanica meadows have been reported to be in decline in many regions of France, Italy, and Spain [29,30,38], including the Alicante region [39]
Summary
Seagrass meadows are identified as ecosystems that provide a wide range of both environmental and socioeconomic services in coastal areas around the world, such as primary production, supporting fisheries or sediment stabilization [1,2,3,4]. The Mediterranean Sea plays a central role the marine phanerogam Posidonia oceanica [5,6,7] This plant, which is endemic to the Mediterranean and is an excellent bioindicator of the coastal environment due to its longevity, slow growth rate and wide distribution along the Mediterranean coast and because of its sensitivity to environmental stressors [8,9,10,11]. P. oceanica meadows contribute to coastal sedimentary dynamics as they reduce the energy of waves and protect the coastline from erosion, both as the living matte and banquettes formed by the natural accumulations of dead leaves in the shore [21,22] For these reasons, the species is currently protected by the European Union as a priority habitat by the Habitat Directive
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
