Spatiotemporal shoreline dynamics of Marismas Nacionales, Pacific coast of Mexico, based on a remote sensing and GIS mapping approach

Abstract

Within the last few decades, tropical coastal systems such as beaches, dunes, and mangrove forests have experienced high annual rates of loss worldwide due to natural and anthropogenic impacts. Historical remote sensing data have been used to map and monitor these fragile systems, as well as to track specific events through time. The purpose of this study was to examine coastal trends along Marismas Nacionales in Mexico, which is the largest wetland complex of the western coast of the Pacific Ocean. The opening of the Cuautla Canal in 1976 and the construction of several hydroelectric power dams have severely impacted this wetland system. Shoreline variability was estimated based on representative remote sensing images over half a century (1970 to 2019). Results indicate that, after 49years, 805ha of beach deposits have been lost in the Cuautla Canal and at the beach ridge region that should otherwise be an accretional coastal zone. Conversely, the southern section of the study site shows 406ha of constant accretion during the same period due to the presence of the unobstructed San Pedro River. Our study highlights the adverse effects of engineering projects, such as inlets and hydroelectric dams throughout tropical coastal systems that have strongly depended on freshwater input from upstream rivers.