Abstract
Forest and land fires occur every year in Indonesia. Efforts to handle forest and land fires have not been optimal because fires occur in too many places with unclear patterns and densities. The study analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of burned areas and fire density in fire-prone areas in Indonesia. Data of burned areas were taken from http://sipongi.menlhk.go.id/. The website collected its data from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) images. Data were analyzed using the hot spot analysis to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of the burned areas and the kernel density analysis to examine the density of land fires. Findings showed that the spatiotemporal pattern from 2016 to 2019 formed a hot spot value in the peatland area with a confidence level of 90–99%, meaning that land fires were clustered in that area. In addition, the highest density of land fires also occurred in the peatland areas. Clustered burned areas with high fire density were found in areas with low–medium vegetation density—they were the peatland areas. The peatland areas must become the priority to prevent and handle forest and land fires to reduce fire risks.
Highlights
Forest and land fires are recurring events in Indonesia and are the main contributors to climate change [1,2,3]
Various methods have been carried out to overcome forest and land fires, yet they do not show satisfying results [4]. e traditional method to monitor fires employing the community is still practiced in Indonesia, including in South Kalimantan [5, 6]. is method, has made fire management less effective and dangerous
Programs to manage burned forests and land areas, especially peatlands, have been widely carried out, such as by the Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency (Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove (BRGM)) from 2016 to the present time, including in South Kalimantan [31, 32]. Such programs were suboptimal because they could only restore limited areas while fires happened in such vast areas. is study focuses on areas with the densest fires based on the results of the spatiotemporal analysis and fire density analysis, so responsible government agencies like BRGM can set up a priority in handling fires. is study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of fires and fire density in fireprone areas in Indonesia
Summary
Deasy Arisanty ,1 Muhammad Muhaimin ,1 Dedi Rosadi ,2 Aswin Nur Saputra ,1 Karunia Puji Hastuti ,1 and Ismi Rajiani 3. Efforts to handle forest and land fires have not been optimal because fires occur in too many places with unclear patterns and densities. E study analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of burned areas and fire density in fire-prone areas in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using the hot spot analysis to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of the burned areas and the kernel density analysis to examine the density of land fires. Findings showed that the spatiotemporal pattern from 2016 to 2019 formed a hot spot value in the peatland area with a confidence level of 90–99%, meaning that land fires were clustered in that area. The highest density of land fires occurred in the peatland areas. E peatland areas must become the priority to prevent and handle forest and land fires to reduce fire risks Clustered burned areas with high fire density were found in areas with low–medium vegetation density—they were the peatland areas. e peatland areas must become the priority to prevent and handle forest and land fires to reduce fire risks
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