Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the spatial pattern of urban expansion and the mechanism of urbanization in coastal areas have undergone significant changes. This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of urban land expansion and analyze the dynamic driving forces of urban agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta of China from 2000 to 2015. The urban-land-expansion intensity index, expansion difference index, and fractal dimension were used to study how the urban land in this area was developed, and the geographical detector was applied to explore the relative importance, expansion intensity, and interactions of physical and socioeconomic factors. The results revealed that the urban-land-expansion intensity of the Pearl-River-Delta urban agglomerations exhibit a downward trend, while cities exhibited a trend of developing more coordinately from 2000 to 2015. Physical factors determined the direction and scale of urban development, and the urban land expansion in the Pearl-River-Delta urban agglomeration is mainly distributed in plain areas that have an elevation below 120 m and a slope less than 5°. Socioeconomic factors have a greater influence on the expansion of urban land, and their effects have changed over time. Population growth and economic development has played a significant role in the expansion of urban land before 2005. Subsequently, the factor of GDP and distance to the core cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen controlled the expansion to the greatest extent. The impacts of various factors tended to become balanced during 2010–2015. The majority of the factors enhanced each other via their interactions, and the distance to the rivers always exhibited a greater enhancement when there was interaction with other factors. The spatial and temporal analysis of the urban expansion and the mechanism of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration could provide useful information for coastal urban planning. This study also offers new knowledge regarding the interactions between different drivers of urban land expansion.
Highlights
Coastal areas are commonly defined as the interface or transition areas between land and sea, and they comprise diverse functions and forms with no strict spatial boundaries [1]
This study is aimed at exploring the spatiotemporal patterns and driving forces of coastal urban expansion based on land-use data derived from remote sensing (RS) images
The results indicate that the area of the urban land in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PRDUA) continued to expand, its expansion intensity demonstrated a downward trend
Summary
Coastal areas are commonly defined as the interface or transition areas between land and sea, and they comprise diverse functions and forms with no strict spatial boundaries [1]. Coastal areas are usually characterized by flat terrain, a moderate climate, booming economy, rich resources, and convenient accessibility to marine trade and transport. The combination of these features drives coastal migration and stimulates urban expansion [2]. In China, urbanization in the coastal areas grew and expanded faster than that in the western non-coastal areas [4]. The growth rate of the coastal urban land is three times higher than the national rate and has been driven by continued economic growth and specific policies that encourage coastal city development [9]. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of the rapidly expanding coastal cities in China is important for formulating sustainable land-use and urban-planning policies
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