Abstract
We propose a method for calculating standard spatiotemporal gait parameters from individual human joints with a side-view depth sensor. Clinical walking trials were measured concurrently by a side-view Kinect and a pressure-sensitive walkway, the Zeno Walkway. Multiple joint proposals were generated from depth images by a stochastic predictor based on the Kinect algorithm. The proposals are represented as vertices in a weighted graph, where the weights depend on the expected and measured lengths between body parts. A shortest path through the graph is a set of joints from head to foot. Accurate foot positions are selected by comparing pairs of shortest paths. Stance phases of the feet are detected by examining the motion of the feet over time. The stance phases are used to calculate four gait parameters: stride length, step length, stride width, and stance percentage. A constant frame rate was assumed for the calculation of stance percentage because time stamps were not captured during the experiment. Gait parameters from 52 trials were compared to the ground truth walkway using Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients. The large spatial parameters had the strongest agreements with the walkway (ICC(2, 1) = 1.00 and 0.98 for stride and step length with normal pace, respectively). The presented system directly calculates gait parameters from individual foot positions while previous side-view systems relied on indirect measures. Using a side-view system allows for tracking walking in both directions with one camera, extending the range in which the subject is in the field of view.
Highlights
T HE analysis of human gait is an important component of treating walking disorders [1], which arise from neurological diseases including cerebral palsy [2] and multiple sclerosis (MS) [3]–[6]
Our system is capable of calculating standard spatiotemporal gait parameters starting with multiple joint proposals, which are generated from side-view depth images of walking trials
We presented a new system for measuring clinical gait parameters with a side-view depth sensor
Summary
T HE analysis of human gait is an important component of treating walking disorders [1], which arise from neurological diseases including cerebral palsy [2] and multiple sclerosis (MS) [3]–[6]. Clinical gait analysis is commonly performed with timed walking tests [7], [8]. The walkways measure spatial and temporal gait parameters by recording the positions of the feet over time. They can measure kinetic properties such as the centre of pressure of the foot. Full-body gait analysis has been performed using sensors attached to the body [10]–[12], or by tracking markers on the body with a motion capture system [13], but these approaches typically require significant setup time, expert knowledge, and specialized locations [14]
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