Abstract
Abstract. This paper provides the precise information on spatial-temporal distribution of water vapour that was retrieved from Zenith Path Delay (ZPD) which was estimated by Global Positioning System (GPS) processing over the Malaysian Peninsular. A time series analysis of these ZPD and Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) values was done to capture the characteristic on their seasonal variation during monsoon seasons. This study was found that the pattern and distribution of atmospheric water vapour over Malaysian Peninsular in whole four years periods were influenced by two inter-monsoon and two monsoon seasons which are First Inter-monsoon, Second Inter-monsoon, Southwest monsoon and Northeast monsoon.
Highlights
Water vapour, the water in gaseous state present in the lower part of the atmosphere called troposphere
This present study aims to provide an analysis on the trend of atmospheric water vapour retrieved from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements and its relationship with monsoon seasons that were focused in Malaysian Peninsular region
Malaysia is located at low-latitude region that experience high amount of water vapour through the year
Summary
The water in gaseous state present in the lower part of the atmosphere called troposphere. Since 1992, investigations on the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) in order to determine the amount of water vapour have been done (Bevis et al, 1992) The capability of this positioning technology, GPS provides 24 hours observation in all weathers conditions with high spatial and temporal resolution data make it as a promising technique in estimation of atmospheric water vapour content (Businger et al, 1996). Floods and flash flood related with massive rain events are major hydrological disaster in Malaysian region, in east of Malaysian Peninsular during Northeast monsoon. The hydrological events in Malaysia have been investigated among the researchers and meteorologist in recent years This present study aims to provide an analysis on the trend of atmospheric water vapour retrieved from GPS measurements and its relationship with monsoon seasons that were focused in Malaysian Peninsular region. The temporal analysis was carried out to understand seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric water vapour during monsoon events
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