Abstract
A-level scenic spots are a unique evaluation form of tourist attractions in China, which have an important impact on regional tourism development. Guizhou is a key tourist province in China. In recent years, the number of A-level scenic spots in Guizhou Province has been increasing, and the regional tourist economy has improved rapidly. The spatial distribution evolution characteristics and influencing factors of A-level scenic spots in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2019 were measured using spatial data analysis methods, trend analysis methods, and geographical detector methods. The results elaborated that the number of A-level scenic spots in all counties of Guizhou Province increased, while in the south it developed slowly. From 2005 to 2019, the spatial distribution in A-level scenic spots were characterized by spatial agglomeration. The spatial distribution equilibrium degree of scenic spots in nine cities in Guizhou Province was gradually developed to reach the “relatively average” level. By 2019, the kernel density distribution of A-level scenic spots had formed the “two-axis, multi-core” layout. One axis was located in the north central part of Guizhou Province, and the other axis ran across the central part. The multi-core areas were mainly located in Nanming District, Yunyan District, Honghuagang District, and Xixiu District. From 2005 to 2007, the standard deviation ellipses of the scenic spots distribution changed greatly in direction and size. After 2007, the long-axis direction of the ellipses gradually formed a southwest to northeast direction. We chose elevation, population density, river density, road network density, tourism income, and GDP as factors, to discuss the spatiotemporal evolution of the scenic spots’ distribution with coupling and attribution analysis. It was found that the river, population distribution, road network density, and the A-level scenic spots’ distribution had a relatively high coupling phenomenon. Highway network density and tourist income have a higher influence on A-level tourist resorts distribution. Finally, on account of the spatiotemporal pattern characteristics of A-level scenic spots in Guizhou Province and the detection results of influencing factors, we put forward suggestions to strengthen the development of scenic spots in southern Guizhou Province and upgrade the development model of “point-axis network surface” to the current “two-axis multi-core” pattern of tourism development. This study can explain the current situation of the spatial development of tourist attractions in Guizhou Province, formulate a regulation mechanism of tourism development, and provide a reference for decision-making to boost the high-quality development of the tourist industry.
Highlights
The planning and development of tourist attractions have become a key link to promote the growth of the local tourist economy
According to the calculation through the average nearest neighbor index, the spatial distribution of A-level scenic spots in Guizhou Province has been concentrated for many years
This paper studied the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of A-level scenic spots in Guizhou Province from 2005 to 2019, including spatial distribution, density, balance degree, temporal change trend, and direction characteristics, and analyzed the natural and human factors influencing the scenic spots’ distribution qualitatively and quantitatively
Summary
The planning and development of tourist attractions have become a key link to promote the growth of the local tourist economy. As the important material carrier of tourist supply, tourist scenic spots provide a material basis for the development of the regional tourism industry. Their projection in geographical space shows the spatial attributes and mutual relations of tourist activities, which influences and promotes the development of regional tourism resources and the tourist economy [1]. According to the standard “Classification and Evaluation of Tourist Areas (Spots) Quality Grade” (GB/T 17775–1999), the score of “service quality and environment evaluation system”, “landscape quality evaluation system”, and “tourist opinion evaluation system”, the level of participating scenic spots is divided [2]
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