Abstract
Ecological vulnerability assessment increases the knowledge of ecological status and contributes to formulating local plans of sustainable development. A methodology based on remote sensing data and spatial principal component analysis was introduced to discuss ecological vulnerability in the Toutun River Basin (TRB). Exploratory spatial data analysis and a geo-detector were employed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of ecological vulnerability and detect the driving factors. Four results were presented: (1) During 2003 and 2017, the average values of humidity, greenness, and heat in TRB increased by 49.71%, 11.63%, and 6.51% respectively, and the average values of dryness decreased by 165.24%. However, the extreme differences in greenness, dryness, and heat tended to be obvious. (2) The study area was mainly dominated by a high and extreme vulnerability grade, and the ecological vulnerability grades showed the distribution pattern that the northern desert area was more vulnerable than the central artificial oasis, and the central artificial oasis was more vulnerable than the southern mountainous area. (3) Ecological vulnerability in TRB showed significant spatial autocorrelation characteristics, and the trend was enhanced. The spatial distribution of hot/cold spots presented the characteristics of “hot spot—cold spot—secondary hot spot—cold spot” from north to south. (4) The explanatory power of each factor of ecological vulnerability was temperature (0.5955) > land use (0.5701) > precipitation (0.5289) > elevation (0.4879) > slope (0.3660) > administrative division (0.1541). The interactions of any two factors showed a non-linear strengthening effect, among which, land use type ∩ elevation (0.7899), land use type ∩ precipitation (0.7867), and land use type ∩ temperature (0.7791) were the significant interaction for ecological vulnerability. Overall, remote sensing data contribute to realizing a quick and objective evaluation of ecological vulnerability and provide valuable information for decision making concerning ecology management and region development.
Highlights
In recent years, the ecosystem is undergoing increasing pressures and degeneration owing to climate change, urban sprawl, and human activities [1,2,3,4]
(2) The study area was mainly dominated by a high and extreme vulnerability grade, and the ecological vulnerability grades showed the distribution pattern that the northern desert area was more vulnerable than the central artificial oasis, and the central artificial oasis was more vulnerable than the southern mountainous area
During 2003–2017, the average value of land surface moisture (LSM) rose by 49.71% and increased from −0.2038 in 2003 to −0.1025 in 2017
Summary
The ecosystem is undergoing increasing pressures and degeneration owing to climate change, urban sprawl, and human activities [1,2,3,4]. The environmental problems following those pressures, such as global warming [5], soil erosion [6], desertification [7], environment pollution [8], and loss of biodiversity [9], have changed the ecosystem structure and process, decreased the ecosystem service value, and posed great threats to region sustainable development. When external stresses from nature and humans exceed the carrying capacity of an ecosystem, the system loses its stable state and begins to degenerate, and to endanger the development of ecosystems and socio-economic sustainability [15]. Like sustainability, vulnerability always employs a systemic approach to understanding the interaction between the human and ecology environment, and the harm caused by vulnerability can be avoided by accurately comprehending the influencing factors, the carrying capacity, and the resilience of the system. Ecological vulnerability assessment is a scientific evidence for ecology conservation and management, and a useful prerequisite for formulating local plans of sustainable and impartial development [18,19]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
